Japanese scientists said on 17 October
they had grown mouse eggs entirely in the lab, then fertilized them to yield
fertile offspring, a scientific first cautiously hailed by experts in human
reproduction. The technique – which involved coaxing stem cells into becoming
mature eggs – was still much too risky and controversial to be reproduced in
humans. This is the first report of anyone being able to develop fully mature
and fertilizable eggs in a laboratory setting right through from the earliest stages
of oocyte (immature eggs) development. While the technique may be useful to
treat infertility “one day”, the paper also showed “the complexity of the
process and how it is a long way from being optimized. Only a small number of
embryos which grew from the eggs developed into normal mice. The lab grown eggs
were more likely to have chromosomal abnormalities. The authors of the paper –
published in the science journal Nature – reported using two types of stem
cells, which are neutral, juvenile cells that can become most any type of specialized
cell of the body. The first kind was harvested directly from mouse embryos, the
team said, and other created in the lab by reprogramming cells taken from mouse
tail tips back into a juvenile state from which they can re-specialize. The stem
cells were grown into mature eggs, which were fertilized in the lab as well. The
resulting embryos were then transferred into surrogate mice
Wednesday, 2 November 2016
This Co-Pilot Won't Tire, Get Bored Or Feel Stressed
From the outside, the single-engine
Cessna Caravan that took off from a small airport on 17 October looked
unremarkable. But inside the cockpit, in the right seat, a robot with metal
tubes and rods for arms and legs and a claw hand grasping the throttle, was
doing the flying. In the left seat, a human pilot tapped commands to his mute
colleague using an electronic tablet. The demonstration was part of a
government and industry collaboration that is attempting to replace the second
human pilot in two person flight crews with robot co-pilots that never tire,
get bored, feel stressed out or become distracted. The programme’s leaders even
envision a day when planes and helicopters, large and small, will fly people
and cargo without any human pilot on board. Personal robot planes may become a
common mode of travel. Consider it the aviation equivalent of the self driving
car. The programme, known as Aircrew Labor In-Cockpit Automation System or
Alias, is funded by the Defence Advanced Research Project Agency and run by
Aurora Flight Sciences, a private contractor. With both the military and
airlines struggling with shortages of trained pilots, defense officials say
they see an advantage to reducing the number of pilots required to fly large
planes or helicopters while at the same time making operations safer and more
efficient by having a robot step in to pick up the mundane tasks of flying. The
idea is to have the robot augment the human pilot by taking over a lot of the
workload, thus freeing the human pilot – especially in emergencies and
demanding situations – to think strategically. It’s really about a spectrum of
increasing autonomy and how humans and robots work together so that each can be
doing the thing that it’s best at. Sophisticated computers flying planes aren’t
new. In today’s airliners, the autopilot is on nearly the entire time the plane
is in the air. Airline pilots do most of their flying for brief minutes during
takeoffs and landings, and even those critical phases of flight could be
handled by the autopilot. But the Alias robot goes steps further. For example,
an array of cameras allows the robot to see all the cockpit instruments and
read the gauges. It can recognize whether switches are in the on or off
position, and can flip them to the desired position. And it learns not only
from its experience flying the plane, but also from the entire history of
flight in that type of plane. In some ways, the robot is better than human,
reacting faster and able to call up every emergence checklist in a situation.
Soon, A 3D-Printed Device That Can Grow Food In A Week
Soon you may grow ingredients for a
healthy meal right inside your kitchen within a span of a week, thanks to
scientists who have developed a new 3D-peinted device that provides a novel way
to produce food at home. The first prototype of the device called CellPod
developed by VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland in the UK is already
producing a harvest. The device resembles a design lamp and is ideal for
keeping on a kitchen table. Urbanization and the environmental burden caused by
agriculture are creating the need to develop new ways of producing food –
CellPod is one of them. It may soon offer consumers a new and exciting way of
producing local food in their own homes. The idea of the CellPod concept is
based on growing the undifferentiated cells of plant rather than a whole plant.
In other words, only the best parts of a plant are cultivated. These cells
contain the plant’s entire genetic potential, so they are capable of producing
the same healthy compounds as the whole plant.
Cavities In Great Pyramid Of Giza Discovered
Egypt’s Great Pyramid of Giza could
contain two previously unknown “cavities”, scientists using radiography to scan
the millennia-old monument said on 15 October. On 13 October, the antiquities
ministry cautiously announced finding “two anomalies” in the pyramid built
4,500 years ago under King Khufu, with further tests to determine their
function, nature and size. At 146 metres (480 feet) tall, Khufu pyramid, named
after the son of pharaoh Snefru, is considered one of the seven wonders of the
ancient world. It has three known chambers, and like other pyramids in Egypt
was intended as a pharaoh’s tomb. Researchers are now able to confirm the
existence of a ‘void’ hidden behind the north face that could have the form of
at least one corridor going inside the Great Pyramid. Another “cavity” was
found in the pyramid’s northeast flank, said the researchers who are using
radiography and 3D reconstruction for their study.
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